Education, in many ways, has changed since the early 20th century. Many (the liberals I mean) are quite okay with the current system, only believing in minor reforms. These mirror their own concerns about American society at large: more diversity, more democracy (for parents and staff, rarely the children!), sanitation, etc. They ignore the fundamental issues that are at the heart of education that anarchist Voltairine De Cleyre and others saw.
De Cleyre was an advocate of intensive educational change: the replacement of educational practices and institutions of her time that reflected principles of religious dogma, authority, and “another gear in the machine”-type instruction. She saw that abuse and the intellectual and emotional dehumanization of children was never going to produce full and healthy adults. To quote De Cleyre, “Or if a raiser of animals were to start in feeding them on a regimen adapted not to their tastes but to his; if he were to insist on stuffing the young ones with food only fitted for the older ones; if he were to shut them up and compel them somehow to be silent, stiff, and motionless for hours together,—he would—well, he would very likely be arrested for cruelty to animals.”
Instead, she called for education that was child-centered, which meant allowing for challenging the instructor, to move about, show their own skills and interests; experience over memorization; education that connected to every-day-life, break down the division between manual and intellectual labors; reduced class-sizes; no religious or statist ideologies; and nature-based, particularly having schools in rural locales. The education of De Cleyre, in my reading supersedes the lines between formal and informal education, as there is still a locale for children to learn, but it is not structured in the “banking model” (where children are seen as empty jars to be given information) but a living experience that creates free people.
It is worth noting her concerns she saw at attempts of anarchists and free-thinkers in education. To quote the historian of anarchism Paul Avrich, “Two months of lecturing at the Chicago Modern School inspired similar doubts and reservations. The school, she wrote to Cohen, is ‘very unsatisfactory. Too much ‘liberty’ and too little orderly idea of work.’ To Yanovsky she complained of ‘chaos both financially and morally’ produced by the administrators; and in January 1911 she left. The following month she turned down an invitation from Alexander Berkman and Leonard Abbott to become Business Manager of the Ferrer Association in New York at fifteen dollars a week. […] Besides, she asked, what do people like Hutchins Hapgood and Emma Goldman [...] know about organizing and running a school?”
Questions
1. In possible anarchist futures, how may education look? Will it be formal or informal? Student-led, or student-staff-led?
2. What can anarchist education look like now? I am reminded of night schools and anarchist Sunday schools of old.
3. What non-formal education practices inspire you? I think of hunter-gatherer methods, which are highly variable, but can allow for children to “play” as adults, often with incredible independence.
Recommended reading: Modern Educational Reform De Cleyre and An American Anarchist by Avrich
Comments
bad teacher meme
anonymous (not verified) Thu, 08/13/2026 - 10:20
**visual Unhelpful Teacher Meme and/or Bad Teacher movie poster with teacher feet up on desk**
I was initially turned off by the nun with the ruler and the specific use of the word “reform” throughout the Topic of the Week. For anarchists, the word has a lot of baggage and is one of the many things anarchists are by definition against. As for the nun with a ruler, seemingly threatening to beat some kids up with it – this was the standard in education in the USA up to at least the late 1990s. All the older people in the USA today, just around retirement age or so, grew up in schools where kids would literally get beaten by their teachers to various degrees. This is a dramatic change, where today if you beat up a kid you’re losing your job, getting publicly shamed and going to jail for years. When I think about old people (okay boomer), I often try to remind myself that this was the standard for them in education, getting punished with physical abuse by adults, who were supposed to be there to help you see the world in different ways.
Public, private, charter, and alternative schooling in the USA is vastly different depending on where you live, largely based off of States and their education standards and practices. Although, the USA Federal government plays a large role as well, especially since Drumpf and his hiring of the former World Wrestling Federation (fake wrestling) spouse as Education Secretary, who had literally no experience in the field of education. Even within each state, school districts throughout a region can vary drastically depending on the funding and wealth of each locale. Some States have high standards where teachers need the schooling equivalent of lawyers and other highly trained professionals and in other States, no post-secondary experience is required. It’s not necessary to have more education to be a good teacher, whatever that means – but, it can help filter out those people who definitely should not be doing the job.
Where do anarchists send their kids to school? Charter schools are getting all the attention currently by Drumpf with their lack of basic workplace and educational standards required largely by public schools. Private schools can be a fortune and indoctrinate religious and other ideas and just as bad, if not worse than public. Alternative schools like Montesorri and Waldorf as also expensive and incredibly few and far between. And what about home school? No thank you. The Modern School is dead and anarchists have failed at education. Overall education in the USA is at a very low water mark and it looks like it’s going to keep getting worse.
The banking model mentioned in the TOTW can also be described as general education requirements. These general education requirements at the secondary and university level at creating the metaphorical “cogs” and “gears” in the “machine” to help keep it running. Education at the secondary level can also be thought of as a place to keep your kid for a number of hours during the day, while you go off to your job, keeping capitalism running. In other words, teachers are underpaid and over-trained babysitters while the other adults are off spinning around the machine.
Too much liberty in anarchist schools? I’m reminded of a talk by Dominic Barter[1] some years ago about a free school they worked on in Brasil (and Italy?) where to sum up, some kids from the street, who struggled to be in normal school, met and were able to design and practice their own learning. Did it sometimes look like goofing around and having fun for the day? Definitely, yes! I’m with the anarchists of today doing anarchist free schools (skool!) and do-it-yourself workshops. On the very opposite end of this idea, one can find academic anarchists at the university level, writing their papers, leaving footnote referenced comments on ANews, as one way anarchists have found a way to make an unfortunate living within society!
I want to end my non-comment response to the TOTW questions with a text about Voltairine De Cleyre who this prompt largely cites, as an example of understanding where this person was on other ideas and how that can be impactful overall when digesting her ideas. Shining a light on who she was - “Voltairine de Cleyre, like her fellow historical anarchists of Euro-American (or simply European) descent, took contradictory stances on colonialism and Indigenous peoples throughout her life. Her case is just particularly extreme, and due to that, especially instructive.”[2] If Volt were my teacher today, I might throw a pie in her face and drop her class.
[1] Dominic Barter. https://www.euforumrj.org/dominic-barter
[2] “Voltairine De Cleyre and Colonialism” by K. C. Sinclair. https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/k-c-sinclair-voltairine-de-cley…
SHAMEFUL. HOW EMBARRASSING.
anonymous (not verified) Thu, 08/13/2026 - 12:57
In reply to bad teacher meme by anonymous (not verified)
SHAMEFUL. HOW EMBARRASSING.
What if?
anonymous (not verified) Thu, 08/13/2026 - 13:25
In reply to SHAMEFUL. HOW EMBARRASSING. by anonymous (not verified)
Remember the What if? Marvel comics? Anonymous commentator remembers!
hey 'member? i remember!
What if anarchists somewhere in USA took over public skool board? It would take some work, like getting all candidates voted in, and then working within the rules of the system to do something something like anarchism (but, not really) as much as you could. Is this the reform the TOTW wants?
On top of all the other problems with education in the USA - this is basically was MAGA is trying to do in the USA, populating school boards with MAGA people to attack and harass anyone in the field, books bans, curriculum, policies, taxes, pay, retirement, you name it.
What an epic dumpster fire public education always has been.
Ok, so we got a reformist…
GEF (not verified) Sat, 08/15/2026 - 12:14
In reply to What if? by anonymous (not verified)
Ok, so we got a reformist troll now hanging out 'here", confirmed.
Duly noted.
unnecessarily dismissive. it…
anonymous (not verified) Sat, 08/15/2026 - 12:44
In reply to Ok, so we got a reformist… by GEF (not verified)
unnecessarily dismissive. it's possible to want to mess with institutions to see what might happen. i mean, yeah, too much time and energy to actually make such a take over happen, but maybe a good use for those youtubers who think that anark is the answer.
maybe?
Catholic school is outside…
anonymous (not verified) Sat, 08/15/2026 - 12:59
In reply to bad teacher meme by anonymous (not verified)
Catholic school is outside my experience but as to public schools in my time, 1968 onwards, I never saw corporal punishment used. which is to say it was not "standard" tho it may have been used some places.
What do we think education…
anonymous (not verified) Sat, 08/15/2026 - 14:33
What do we think education is for? Who do we think education is for?
Now, it seems, education is for the smooth running of capitalism, schooling the mass of us in how to sit still and do repetitive and/or unnecessary tasks just because or to look busy.
My anarchist world would have adults who knew themselves enough to be able to sense the capabilities and capacities of the not-yet-adult around them. So, first, these adults would have been through an Initiation themselves, to start to gain a grasp on their own capabilities. Then, as children are born, they are able to guide or encourage or facilitate etc, the youth into appropriate or fitting or desired etc roles. Like, the midwife would train the next midwife, the plant person the next plant person etc.
Further, this society can look and be almost infinite ways, but however it is all adults know all its rules or laws or customs etc which would be few but enforceable by all, when necessary.
I guess this is considered "informal" in terms of education but it seems to me to be optimal.
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